The ABB PP845A 3BSE042235R2 is an operator panel, also known as a human-machine interface (HMI) panel.

It is part of the ABB Panel 800 series and is used to control and monitor industrial processes.

Key features:

• Touchscreen: The panel has a touchscreen display that allows users to interact with the system.
• Communication: It supports various communication protocols, including Ethernet, RS-232, RS-485, and USB.
• I/O modules: The panel can be connected to various I/O modules, such as digital, analog, and motion modules.
• Customization: The panel can be customized with different software and hardware configurations to meet specific application requirements.

Common applications:

• Process control: The panel can be used to control and monitor various industrial processes, such as chemical processes, food processing, and manufacturing processes.
• Machine control: The panel can be used to control and monitor machines, such as robots, CNC machines, and packaging machines.
• Building automation: The panel can be used to control and monitor building systems, such as HVAC systems, lighting systems, and security systems.

Additional information:

• Technical specifications: The technical specifications of the PP845A can be found on the ABB website or in the product documentation.
• Compatibility: The panel is compatible with various ABB controllers and drives.
• Support: ABB provides technical support for the PP845A.

In recent years, 3D printing technology has developed rapidly and has evolved from a seemingly distant “high-tech” to a convenient technology within reach, gradually penetrating into various fields that we can come into contact with. With the rapid popularization of 3D printing technology, 3D printing models of aircraft, 3D printing COSPLAY props, etc. have emerged rapidly.

Compared to traditional production methods, the flexibility and diversity of 3D printing technology bring more choices and greater creative freedom. In the field of model airplane production, 3D printing technology is particularly popular because it not only improves production efficiency but also greatly reduces costs. More importantly, the development of 3D printing technology enables model airplane enthusiasts to customize personalized model works.

However, in the process of DIY model aircraft, material properties are crucial to the flight performance of the model aircraft. Different materials have different strengths, weights, and durability, which directly affect the flight stability and handling performance of model aircraft. This is also a major issue that has previously troubled many model aircraft enthusiasts. PLA, ABS, carbon fiber reinforced materials… among many 3D printing materials, which one is more suitable for printing model aircraft?

ESUN Easy to Produce Lightweight PLA (ePLA-LW), also known as foamed PLA, is a 3D printing material developed specifically for aircraft models, ship models, and COSPLAY. The interlayer bonding is more stable, and the foaming rate and strength can be controlled by adjusting the printing temperature. Lightweight PLA adopts active foaming technology to achieve lightweight and low-density PLA parts, with a foaming volume ratio of 220% and a density as low as 0.54g/cm ³. Foaming makes the layering almost invisible, and the printed surface is matte and delicate. Under the same model conditions and speed, using lightweight PLA can significantly improve the performance of model aircraft by providing lighter wing loads and lower stall speeds.

The product features of lightweight PLA are as follows:

1. Low density, up to 0.54g/cm ³;

2. Foam volume ratio of 220%, printing the same volume model, 1 roll of ePLA-LW can be used as 2.2 rolls of ordinary PLA;

3. Foaming makes the layering almost invisible, and the surface of the printed item is matte and delicate; At around 210-270 ℃, this material begins to foam during printing, increasing its volume by nearly 1.2 times. The printing extrusion rate can be reduced to 45% to print lightweight parts.

4. The strength and foaming ratio can be freely adjusted;

5. Possess excellent interlayer strength, explosion resistance, and easy repair;

6. The printed model is easy to paint and has strong surface adhesion.

As a model aircraft material, the advantages of lightweight PLA are very obvious, and its biggest advantage is its “lightness”. In the same volume model, lightweight PLA weighs less than half of regular PLA. The real machine printed with it has a lighter weight than models that pursue light wing loads such as KT board, EPP, PP board, etc.

It is worth mentioning that on September 9, 2022, the China Light Industry Federation announced a list of 58 recommended upgraded consumer goods and 68 recommended innovative consumer goods. Among them, several internationally renowned enterprises such as Gree and Midea were selected, and eSUN’s lightweight PLA was also successfully selected for the recommended innovative consumer goods list due to its innovation and influence in the industry.

Since its launch, lightweight PLA has been warmly welcomed and widely loved by a large number of model airplane enthusiasts due to its unique “light” advantage and excellent performance. This material not only solves many problems of traditional materials in aircraft model production, but also greatly promotes the application and development of 3D printing technology in the field of aircraft models. The emergence of lightweight PLA undoubtedly brings new possibilities for 3D printing of model aircraft, allowing the creative dreams of model aircraft enthusiasts to set sail more lightly.

Intelligent driven logistics, green future

When a large number of express deliveries are accurately and efficiently classified on the sorting conveyor line; When solar panels quietly absorb sunlight on the roof; When every kilowatt hour of electricity is intelligently allocated to where it is most needed. What is providing a solid and reliable connection technology for this future where intelligence and green are intertwined? Follow in the footsteps of industrial connectivity expert Weidmuller and explore this innovative and intelligent future green world together.

On November 5th, 2024, CeMAT Asia, the Asia International Logistics Technology and Transportation Systems Exhibition, kicked off. Industry pioneer Weidmuller unveiled its logistics industry full application scenario connectivity solution at the exhibition. The organic combination of star products such as Weidmuller frequency converters, code readers, power supplies, remote I/O, industrial Ethernet, and wiring terminals can provide a comprehensive connection and communication solution for the smart logistics industry from sorting, warehousing, to transportation and other sub links, efficiently helping enterprises quickly build a smart logistics ecosystem. Especially the dynamic display of logistics conveyor line electronic control integration, which made its debut, won continuous praise from the audience with its unique operating mode.

In addition to surprising innovative solutions, Mr. Wu Shang’an, Chief Manager of Standard Products at Weidmuller Industrial Connector Division, gave a keynote speech on “Weidmuller Efficient Connection Solution” at the VDMA Intelligent and Sustainable Solutions Forum, which was held at the same time as the exhibition. He further revealed to the audience how Weidmuller has brought revolutionary changes to the logistics industry through intelligent connection and digital solutions, and triggered a profound reflection on smart logistics innovation.

If intelligence and efficiency are the core elements of Weidmuller’s solution, then green and low-carbon are indispensable. Weidmuller has long been committed to promoting exploration and practice in the field of green energy, actively responding to the vision of global sustainable development.

From November 14th to 16th, at the upcoming 26th China International High tech Fair (CIFTIS) in 2024, Weidmuller will showcase a series of green energy solutions aimed at improving energy efficiency and reducing environmental pollution. Their application scenarios include energy storage, hydrogen energy, photovoltaics, wind power and other sub industries, providing comprehensive assistance to customers to achieve a win-win situation of economic and social benefits, and contributing to the construction of a sustainable future.

At the Weidmuller booth (Shenzhen International Convention and Exhibition Center (Bao’an) Hall 9-A50), not only can you fully experience the magical power of Weidmuller’s intelligent solution “Green Future”, but you can also obtain the latest industry information in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere through Weidmuller’s live broadcasts of different themes and activities such as filling out questionnaires to win gifts.

ABS has always been a popular material in the field of 3D printing. In recent years, with the increasing demand for industrial grade 3D printing, ABS wire has been highly favored due to its excellent performance and diverse application scenarios.

Technology is constantly advancing, and the performance of ABS materials is also continuously improving, resulting in various versions of wires such as ABS+, fast ABS+, and low odor ABS. In order to meet the printing needs of higher strength and durability, carbon fiber reinforced ABS (eABS CF) has emerged as a new star in the ABS wire family.

ABS+carbon fiber, strong alliance

Carbon fiber reinforced ABS, as the name suggests, is achieved by adding carbon fiber reinforced material to ABS material and modifying it to significantly improve its performance. Carbon fiber is known for its excellent mechanical properties and lightweight characteristics. Integrating it into ABS not only greatly improves the rigidity and strength of the material, but also endows it with more outstanding chemical and temperature resistance, thereby further expanding the application range of carbon fiber reinforced ABS.

82% increase in stiffness, performance leap

According to the print test results, compared to ordinary ABS materials, carbon fiber reinforced ABS has a particularly significant improvement in rigidity and strength, with a bending modulus of 2694Mpa, an increase of 82%; The bending strength increased from 46Mpa to 76Mpa, an increase of 65%. Carbon fiber reinforced ABS not only improves its mechanical properties, but also enhances its chemical and temperature resistance, with a thermal deformation temperature of up to 95 ℃. This means that carbon fiber reinforced ABS can maintain stable performance in more demanding environments, making it very suitable for special applications such as outdoor use.

From models to industrial components, widely used

Carbon fiber reinforced ABS has the characteristics of lightweight while maintaining strength. The material density is low, and the weight of printed models is lighter than that of general materials. Therefore, it can also be used for rapid manufacturing of models such as drones, aircraft models, and ship models. In addition, carbon fiber reinforced ABS is widely used in the production of 3D printer accessories, fixtures, engineering accessories, and electronic and electrical related accessories, providing high-performance and high-quality solutions for various industries.

Exterior matte texture, balancing aesthetics

Unlike traditional carbon fiber materials that are typically limited to black, carbon fiber reinforced ABS offers a variety of color options, such as black, dark red, dark purple, dark blue, dark green, etc. These dark colored products have a more textured visual appearance, coupled with the unique frosted surface brought by carbon fiber, making the printed models more sophisticated, while ensuring strength and aesthetic appeal.

It should be noted that carbon fiber reinforced ABS material has a high shrinkage rate. When printing, attention should be paid to insulation and printing should be done in a closed box printer. During the printing process, it is recommended to maintain continuous ventilation. If the environment permits, it is recommended to use an air filter in combination. In addition, due to the relatively poor cooling performance of carbon fiber reinforced ABS, the use of fans can be moderately adjusted or the printing speed can be reduced during the printing process to optimize the printing effect. The following are the relevant parameters obtained from multiple tests of eSUN for your reference.

Carbon fiber reinforced ABS not only improves the overall performance of the material, but also expands the application range of 3D printing technology. Its lightweight characteristics and rich color choices also add more possibilities to it. Whether for 3D printing users seeking high-performance materials or those who have a demand for model appearance, they can experience and try this wire through actual printing.

Modern energy storage systems using lithium-ion batteries can provide excellent performance, but each battery must be closely monitored to ensure proper charging and avoid battery imbalance, overcharging, deep discharge, or critical temperature. This requires providing separate, isolated power supply voltage control circuits for each unit or unit array. For battery arrays with a nominal voltage of up to 48V, standard industrial DC/DC power converter modules that provide 500V or 1600V isolation barriers can be used to generate this power voltage.

But for higher power systems connected to AC power sources and providing energy storage capacity of hundreds or even megawatt hours, the voltage on the battery array can reach 600-800V and a solution with higher isolation barriers is required.

Low isolation capacitance enhances noise resistance
P-DUKE has a medical power converter series with a 5kV isolation barrier, even higher than the required 4kV. For this project, MPD30-24S12 was selected, which can generate the necessary 12V/30W power voltage from the common 24Vdc bus.

The input and output capacitance of a typical industrial 30W DC/DC power converter can reach up to 1500pF. When up to 200 converters are connected in parallel, the total capacitance between the battery unit (connected to the AC grid through a charger) and the 24V bus can reach 300nF, resulting in an AC leakage current exceeding 20mA. A current exceeding 10mA may cause serious electric shock and accidents.

The input and output capacitance of MPD30-24S12 is only 20pF, and the total capacitance after 200 converters are connected in parallel is only 4nF, with a leakage current of less than 1mA.
This very low capacitance also avoids transient or any noise coupling from the AC/battery side converter to the sensitive communication signals of the central battery management system.
Through this solution, the requirements for 4kV isolation and low leakage current have been resolved.

For communication throughout the installation, the central BMS controller uses a WiFi router and is powered by a 25W 53V power supply via Ethernet. According to the final installation, the power supply voltage can be generated by a 230Vac main power supply or an internal 24Vdc bus. For 230Vac, TSD30 series converters can be used. It also offers a Din rail version for easy installation in the controller rack.

Large battery storage systems benefit from the application of P-DUKE products:
The MPD30/MPD30W series is a series of 30W DC/DC power converters with enhanced 5000Vac isolation voltage, which can meet the requirements of medical applications. They have different input voltage ranges and provide single or dual output. This series complies with the 2MOPP standard, with an electrical clearance and creepage distance of 8 millimeters. This makes them suitable not only for medical devices, but also for other applications that require high isolation and extremely low input/output capacitance.

The TSD30 series is a ready to use AC/DC solution suitable for Din rail applications. Like the RCD30W series, it provides different output voltages and installation options for various applications.

ABB’s first modular software platform OptiFact ™ The all-new IRB 1090 industrial grade educational robot will achieve its global debut at this year’s CIIE
·The new application debut of ABB’s newly expanded GoFa collaborative robot and energy-saving large-scale robot series showcases the infinite possibilities of flexible automation
·Through on-site naked eye 3D technology display and online live streaming, ABB Robotics’ comprehensive product portfolio brings you an immersive experience of the Industrial Expo

Today, ABB Robotics unveiled a full range of innovative robot automation products, solutions, software, and services at the nearly 800 square meter booth at the China International Industrial Expo, with the theme of “Being Robots, More Unlimited Possibilities”. These products include two new ones: ABB’s first modular software platform, OptiFact ™ And the brand new IRB 1090 industrial education robot.

“Due to a shortage of labor and skilled talents, supply chain uncertainty, and a significant increase in global demand for more sustainable and efficient operating methods, robotics technology is experiencing significant growth.” ABB Robotics Business Unit President Ma Sikang said, “More and more companies are turning their attention to robotics and automation, hoping to establish corporate resilience and achieve smarter, faster, and more efficient operations. The new OptiFact software platform can help companies collect, manage, and analyze data on factory equipment, optimize decision-making, and improve processes and performance. Our new IRB 1090 industrial grade educational robot will help the next generation master more skills to better adapt to the new era of automation.”

OptiFact ™ It is ABB’s first modular software platform that can help businesses acquire and build commercial value by collecting, managing, and analyzing data from hundreds of factory equipment. OptiFact can improve production efficiency by 20% by reducing downtime, and optimize factory decision-making by tracking KPIs and avoiding major failures.

The IRB 1090 robot (with a payload of 3.5kg) is ABB’s new masterpiece focused on the field of education. The IRB 1090 supports fully customized educational units, driven by ABB’s OmniCore controller, and has been certified by STEM.org. Each robot comes with 100 free usage rights for ABB’s leading offline programming simulation software RobotStudio. The launch of IRB 1090 aims to bridge the skill gap in robotics education and lay the foundation for students’ future work.

In addition to these two new products, ABB will also showcase a diverse range of products and applications in four major exhibition areas at the Industrial Expo, including the Collaborative Robot Zone, New Application Zone, Digital Zone, and Customer Service Zone. The special feature of this year’s Industrial Expo is that both online and offline audiences can enjoy an immersive viewing experience through naked eye 3D technology and live streaming.

Multiple robot exhibits, from professional applications in the automotive industry to robot applications in full chain production of logistics and machining, will be exhibited through both on-site and online channels. In the digital zone, ABB will showcase leading features such as Automatic Path Planning that help improve manufacturing efficiency through the offline simulation programming software RobotStudio.

In the customer service section, visitors can further understand ABB’s robot remanufacturing services and modular service agreement combinations. These products are committed to improving resource utilization efficiency, recycling materials, and extending the lifespan of robots, thereby promoting circular economy and more sustainable production.

For nearly 30 years, ABB has been leading the development of robotics technology in China, helping customers adapt to the rapidly changing market and achieve success. Facing China, the world’s largest and fastest-growing robot market, ABB announced in December last year that its 67000 square meter robot super factory in Shanghai was officially put into operation, continuing its commitment to promoting intelligent manufacturing in China.

ABB Robotics and Discrete Automation is a company that focuses on providing a complete product portfolio of robots, autonomous mobile robots, and mechanical automation solutions. Through ABB’s independent software design and integration, we create higher value for our customers. We are committed to helping enterprises in different fields and scales, such as automotive, electronics, and logistics, enhance their development resilience, improve operational efficiency, and enhance production flexibility, helping them move towards an interconnected and collaborative future factory. ABB Robotics and Discrete Automation have over 11000 employees in over 100 regions across 53 countries worldwide.

ABB (ABBN: SIX Swiss Ex) is a technology leader in the field of electrical and automation, committed to empowering a more sustainable and efficient future. ABB integrates engineering experience and software technology into a solution to optimize manufacturing, transportation, energy, and operations. With a history of over 130 years of excellence, ABB’s approximately 105000 employees worldwide are dedicated to promoting innovation and accelerating industrial transformation.

ABB has comprehensive business activities in China, including research and development, manufacturing, sales, and engineering services. It has 27 local enterprises and 15000 employees in nearly 130 cities, with online and offline channels covering approximately 700 cities nationwide.

The use of DCS process alarm classification control plays a crucial role in the safety of the site. According to relevant data surveys, the selection of alarms has a significant impact on the level of alarm safety factor. When using this technology, attention should be paid to the selection of alarms. 

This article proposes several principles for selecting alarms through the study of different control systems, ensuring that alarms can fully play their role in the system.

The hierarchical control technology can ensure that alarms in different areas are independent. Different alarms are used for alarm monitoring in each area, which can ensure timely alarm in case of abnormal situations within the detection range to attract the attention of operators.

DCS process alarm classification control technology can effectively improve the safety of the operation site, effectively ensuring the safety of construction personnel and enterprises. This article is based on the concept and characteristics of DCS, and studies the application of toxic and harmful gas alarms and key operating parameter alarms, in order to provide reference for scholars in this field.

1. DCS multi-layer hierarchical control system

The basic design concept of DCS is to adopt the idea of decentralized control, centralized operation and management, and achieve a multi-level hierarchical control and cooperative structure. At present, it is mainly used in fields such as metallurgy, power, and petrochemicals.

DCS is a system that implements multi-layer hierarchical control, which has two basic hierarchical links during use: on-site control unit and operation station.

DCS basic grading process

● On site control unit:

A control system that is used near the site and is far away from the control center, and can monitor and control the site based on the DCS’s own structure. The use of on-site control units requires the preparation of different devices, such as configuration plugins, which are configured according to the requirements of the system with corresponding central processing unit plugins, power plugins, and communication plugins, laying the foundation for later hierarchical control;

Redundancy configuration is one of the important links in hierarchical control systems, and during the configuration process, it is necessary to implement redundant configuration for host plugins, power plugins, and communication plugins; Implementing on-site hierarchical control and monitoring requires adding DCS to different hardware to ensure the reliability of hierarchical control.

● Operation station:

The operation station records and displays different data in the control system, which is a place for displaying human-computer interaction. Commonly used operation stations include host control, display devices, and keyboard input devices, which are mainly used for manual operation recording and feedback. It mainly realizes various important functions such as displaying different data, alarms, and operations.

2. Application of DCS process alarm classification control technology

Toxic and harmful gas alarm

Through the study of different DCS process alarm classification control technologies, it has been found that the DCS devices used in current on-site work mainly detect and alarm toxic, harmful, and flammable gases. When these gases are detected, an alarm will be triggered. The alarms on the market have diverse characteristics, and to ensure the normal operation of DCS, standardized alarms should be used.

In the process of selecting alarms, the following rules should be noted:

● It must be able to provide power supply for monitoring toxic and harmful gases and other connecting components;

●Being able to emit appropriate alarm signals after detecting toxic and harmful gases until someone discovers them, greatly improving the effectiveness of the alarm function;

●The range of combustible gas monitoring should be within the normal explosion range;

●Adapt to the concentration and measurement range of toxic and harmful gases, ensuring the detection of harmful gases within the normal range;

●Indicating alarm equipment is quite important and the key to determining whether it can alarm correctly. In the process of selection and purchase, alarm equipment with fire protection and interlocking protection functions should be selected;

●The alarm should have independent monitoring and alarm functions, ensuring that each alarm only monitors toxic and harmful gases within its scope of responsibility;

●The installed alarm should have a continuous alarm function. If toxic and harmful gas leaks are found during use, the alarm function should be activated. When the concentration decreases, the alarm also needs to continue to sound to ensure timely detection of toxic and harmful gas leaks.

Alarm is the key to alarm classification control technology. In the use of modern DCS process alarm classification control technology, responsible personnel can select and use alarms based on the above principles to ensure the safety and standardization of the control site.

Key operating parameter alarm

Each parameter in the DCS process alarm classification control technology using computer control systems needs to be strictly set and controlled. If the parameters are too high or too low, it will cause incalculable losses to the site. It is required to achieve the accuracy and standardization of alarm parameters through strict data analysis when setting alarm parameters.

When setting the alarm mode, a pop-up window or voice alarm can be used to effectively increase the attention of staff, provide the best solution time for staff, and avoid more serious accidents and losses.

Pop up alarm mode

When setting up pop-up alarms, the operator achieves the accuracy of the alarm process through on-site monitoring and control. The pop-up window should be set in the center position of the control display page, making it convenient for the staff to pay attention to the location of the alarm and the direction of the problem at the first time, providing more preparation time for the operator to effectively solve the problems that occur during the process;

● Voice alarm method

The use of voice alarm function requires staff to record the voice alarm in advance according to possible situations on site, and play the alarm information through the computer’s voice output function.

In recent years, humanoid robots, as outstanding representatives of artificial intelligence technology in the physical world, are gradually demonstrating their enormous potential and value. With the rapid development of general large-scale models, humanoid robots have gained unprecedented generalization ability, pushing the entire industry into the initial stage of commercialization. The vast prospects in this field have attracted the attention of many tech giants, including Tesla, OpenAI, Nvidia, Samsung, and others, who are all laying out their plans to take a leading position in this emerging market.

Taking Tesla as an example, its founder Musk proposed the concept machine of humanoid robots – Tesla Bot – in 2021, and then launched the prototype Optimus in 2022. In December 2023, Tesla launched an upgraded version of the Optimus Gen2, which achieved significant improvements in perception, brain processing, and motion control capabilities compared to the previous generation. With the gradual implementation of Tesla Optimus, the industry generally predicts that 2025 will mark the arrival of the era of mass production of humanoid robots. Its application scenarios will also go through three stages: initial application in automobile factories, comprehensive penetration into the manufacturing industry, and finally entering thousands of households after maturity.

According to calculations by AVIC Securities, the global demand for humanoid robots is expected to reach 2 million units by 2030, with a corresponding market space exceeding 570 billion yuan. This huge market potential undoubtedly paints an exciting blueprint for the future development of humanoid robots. So, what is the development of humanoid robots today?

Continuous capital injection

Since 2022, the humanoid robot industry has had frequent financing activities, with a total of 42 financing transactions and a total financing amount of nearly 9 billion yuan, with an average financing amount exceeding 100 million yuan per transaction. Entering 2023, the investment heat has significantly increased, with a surge of 23 investment events and financing amounts exceeding 5 billion yuan throughout the year. In the first two months of 2024, the average single financing amount has exceeded 200 million yuan, doubling compared to 2022, demonstrating the strong confidence of capital in the future development prospects of the humanoid robot industry.

Specifically, from January to February 2024, there were 10 investments in the humanoid robot industry, with a disclosed financing amount of approximately 2.32 billion yuan. Among them, Yushu Technology received a capital injection of up to 1 billion yuan in the B+round financing, while Galaxy General Robot received an investment of 700 million yuan, setting a record for the highest angel round financing in 2024. These financing performances fully demonstrate the sustained optimism of capital towards the humanoid robot industry and inject strong momentum into its future development.

According to statistics from the International Federation of Robotics (IFR), China’s industrial robot sales accounted for 52.5% of the global market in 2023, marking China as the world’s largest market for robot applications. At present, China’s robotics industry is in a stage of rapid development, and the intelligence process of downstream application industries such as industrial manufacturing and retail consumption in China is also accelerating. As the carrier of high-precision and cutting-edge technology, humanoid robots will be able to undertake more flexible operations in the future with the improvement of technological maturity and the decrease of costs, thus having enormous market potential.

From a macro perspective, the continuous introduction of favorable policies and the rapid development of large-scale modeling technology are driving the rapid growth of the domestic humanoid robot industry. At present, humanoid robot manufacturers have begun small-scale commercial deliveries. According to research data from EO Think Tank, it is expected that the shipment of humanoid robots will reach around 2000 units by 2024. Overall, there are many favorable factors in the market, and the entire industry is in the initial stage of development, which will continue to release huge potential in the future.

What key components are worth paying attention to?

The composition of humanoid robots can be roughly divided into execution system, perception system, and control system.

In the execution system, the implementation of flexible joints relies on key components such as screws, motors, and reducers, which together determine the flexibility of the motion of humanoid robots. Tesla’s Optimus robot joint consists of 40 actuators, with the total cost of rotary joints, linear joints, and dexterous hands accounting for over 50%, highlighting the importance of cost reduction. In this context, the domestic industrial chain has shown significant advantages. Specifically:

As the core component of linear joints, lead screws are mainly divided into trapezoidal lead screws and roller lead screws, and their machining processes include turning, milling, and grinding. Grinding machines play an important role in both rough and precision machining processes. At present, the cost proportion of screw is as high as 23.4%, so the demand for cost reduction is particularly urgent.

In terms of motors, frameless torque motors are widely used in rotary joints and linear joints, while hollow cup motors or brushless cogged motors are used in dexterous hands. The total cost of motors accounts for about 8.9%, making it another important source of cost in the execution system.

Reducer is mainly used for rotating joints, among which harmonic reducer is currently the mainstream solution, while planetary reducer is suitable for joints with lower precision requirements. At present, the cost of reducers accounts for approximately 4.1%.

The perception system is the medium through which humanoid robots interact with the environment, relying on the comprehensive empowerment of multiple sensors. Sensors can convert the physical quantities perceived by robots in internal and external environments into electrical output, and are divided into internal sensors and external sensors. The core sensors of humanoid robots include torque sensors, visual sensors, and tactile sensors, which together form the foundation of the robot’s perception system. Currently, the cost of sensors accounts for approximately 24.7%. Specifically:

Torque sensors are applied to rotary joints and linear joints, while six dimensional torque sensors can be used on the wrist and ankle to increase flexibility control capability. However, the cost and manufacturing difficulty of six dimensional force/torque sensors are much higher than those of single dimensional torque sensors, so they were mainly used in space robotic arms in the aerospace field in the early days.

In terms of visual sensors, Tesla’s Optimus adopts a pure visual solution, while Xiaomi, Yushu, and others mostly use multi-sensor fusion solutions to improve the perception ability and adaptability of robots.

The tactile sensor is one of the biggest marginal changes compared to the previous generation of Tesla Optimus-Gen2, and its tactile sensor paired with the hand is expected to lead a new trend in the industry.

The control system is the intelligent “cerebellum” of the humanoid robot, which is responsible for real-time control of the position, speed, and direction of mechanical moving parts, making them move according to the expected trajectory and specified motion parameters. Due to the diverse applications and varying computing power requirements of various humanoid robot scenarios, controllers are usually self-developed to meet the requirements of low power consumption, high computing power, and high integration.

IOC-555-D

IOC-555-D is an I/O (Input/Output) card designed for duplex applications, primarily used in industrial control systems. This specific model is manufactured by Compressor Controls Corporation (CCC).

Key Features and Applications:

• Duplex Functionality: The “D” in IOC-555-D indicates its suitability for duplex setups, providing redundancy and increased reliability.
• Industrial Control Systems: These cards are commonly found in various industrial applications, including:
  • Compressors: Controlling and monitoring compressor systems.
  • Manufacturing Processes: Managing and automating manufacturing lines.
  • Power Generation: Supervising power generation equipment.
• Input/Output Capabilities: The card handles both inputs (e.g., sensor readings) and outputs (e.g., control signals) to interact with the controlled system.
• CPCI Bus: IOC-555-D is typically designed for the CompactPCI (CPCI) bus, a standard in industrial automation for connecting various modules.

MCP-1004

The MCP-1004 is a Main Processor Unit (MPU) manufactured by COMPRESSOR CONTROLS CORP. It is a PLC/Add-On Board designed for use in industrial control applications. The MCP-1004 features a 1 GHz Extreme Engineering CPU and is compatible with various PLC systems.

Here are some key features of the MCP-1004:

• 1 GHz Extreme Engineering CPU: Provides high-performance processing power for demanding control applications.
• PLC/Add-On Board: Can be used as a standalone PLC or as an add-on module to expand the capabilities of existing PLC systems.
• Industrial-grade design: Built to withstand harsh industrial environments.
• Wide range of applications: Suitable for a variety of industrial control tasks, including machine control, process control, and automation.

Manager: Jinny

E-mail:sales1@xrjdcs.com

Tel: + 86-15359273791 （WhatsApp）

• Embedded control systems can provide more efficient power conversion

• Newly upgraded digital color display and control screen, providing real-time display of operating parameters

• Safer and more reliable power conversion to ensure continuous and stable power supply for critical equipment

Electricity is an indispensable part of modern life. However, with the rapid development of the power industry, the threat of power outages has also emerged, especially for certain critical application areas and important loads. Unplanned power outages are likely to cause property damage and even pose a threat to personal safety. In this context, the automatic power conversion system that can provide uninterrupted power supply for special electric fields has become a standard and safety guarantee for key equipment in the industry.

ABB has recently released the Emax 2 Harness dual power automatic conversion system, which adopts the third-generation circuit breaker dual power automatic conversion technology to provide circuit protection while enhancing safe and reliable power conversion, ensuring continuous and stable power supply for critical equipment.

Efficient control, user-friendly interface

ABB is reinventing the way digital systems are embedded in industrial and power applications that enhance efficiency and performance through digital communication. Through application-oriented research and innovation, the control system of the dual power automatic conversion product has been gradually upgraded from the first generation “with standard controller” and the second generation “with advanced controller” to the third generation “embedded logic control and touch screen display”.

The ABB Emax 2 Harness dual power automatic conversion system is equipped on the Emax 2 Ekip intelligent protection release, which eliminates the traditional external independent controller, saves the complex wiring with external protection devices, simplifies wiring, effectively shortens conversion time, and achieves safer and more reliable power conversion.

Emax 2 Harness is designed specifically for power supply lines with “two input lines and one bus connection”, featuring an intuitive and convenient operating interface and friendly human-computer interaction. Its newly upgraded digital color touch screen displays the S1/S2 power status, switch on/off status, and real-time operating parameter display through a dynamic color system single line diagram. Color touch screen operation allows managers to easily and flexibly enter system operation control and operation parameter settings, and provides multiple working modes: manual conversion, automatic conversion, parallel conversion, and exit mode, allowing the system operation status to be under control.

Drive intelligence, flexible application

As a high-performance automated power conversion system, Emax 2 Harness can perform automatic conversion control according to a pre-set process. In automatic conversion mode, the system will automatically detect and determine whether the two power sources are normal. When one of the power sources fails, the system will automatically switch power. During line maintenance or power outages, manual parallel switching of power supply can also be achieved to ensure that important loads do not experience power interruption due to the conversion process, thus ensuring power supply continuity.

Strengthen management, ensure safety and worry free

The Emax 2 Harness dual power automatic conversion system has integrated password protection and adopts a multi-level management mode, which can distinguish users according to different permission levels, allowing them to perform corresponding operations such as viewing/operating/advanced settings at different levels, and tightly manage to improve security. Not only that, its larger event storage capacity supports 250 alarms and event records each, assisting users in better tracing and adjusting, ensuring efficient and stable operation of the device.

In the industrial and power application fields that provide efficiency and performance through digital communication, Emax 2 Harness can unleash greater energy – the Emax 2 Harness dual power automatic conversion system has power supply voltage, frequency, and phase angle measurement functions. In addition to conventional conversion functions, it also provides closed-loop control functions (parallel conversion) required by power sub plants, data centers, airports, petrochemicals, hospitals, and other fields, fully ensuring uninterrupted power supply for special electric fields.

Innovation is endless. The launch of ABB Emax 2 Harness dual power automatic conversion system not only demonstrates ABB’s innovative hard power to further break through technological boundaries, but also highlights its comprehensive understanding and profound insight into user needs, providing users with more efficient, safe and stable power system solutions.

ABB is a technology leader in the field of electrical and automation, committed to empowering a more sustainable and efficient future. ABB integrates engineering experience and software technology into solutions to optimize manufacturing, transportation, energy, and operations. Adhering to over 140 years of outstanding history, ABB’s approximately 105000 employees worldwide are dedicated to driving innovation and accelerating industrial transformation. ABB has comprehensive business activities in China, including research and development, manufacturing, sales, and engineering services. It has about 30 local enterprises and approximately 15000 employees spread across nearly 130 cities. Its online and offline channels cover about 700 cities across the country.